Tonga, bantuspeaking people who inhabit the southern portion of zambia and neighbouring areas of northern zimbabwe and botswana. There is no constitutional provision for local government and the main legislative texts that cover local government are the fonos act 1988 and the district and town officers act 1988. Establishes the structure of the tongan government in terms of branches. Unlike the american or french constitutions, tongas was introduced to a society with quite foreign social and political orders by an alliance of tongan leaders and european missionaries. Tonga is a member of the commonwealth and of the united nations. For example, to write in all three languages is kulemba. Tongaspeaking people of zambia and zimbabwe prepared by. Committee members were to be drawn from the executive and legislative both noble and commoner branches of the government, as well as from the nongovernmental. Fakamanatua i tonga aho o e tauataina o e ongoongo ongoongo tukuatu. The kingdom of tonga tongan for south is an independent archipelago in the southern pacific ocean. Tonga, tonga government,tonga ministry,tonga government portal, tonga news,tonga ministry of information and communications,tonga parliament,tonga,mic.
This article is courtesy of the cia fact book tonga introduction tonga unique among pacific nations never completely lost its indigenous governance. Tongatapu island, a raised atoll in the tongatapu group, with an area of 100. Fiji gained independence from british rule in october 1970 and established a parliamentary democracy. Tonga traditional social and religious patterns before the coming of the europeans. While in power, taufaahau tupou created a constitution and a government modeled after britain. Eua island tongatapu group has an old volcanic ridge rising to 1,078 feet 329 metres above sea level. The delivery of tongas outcome objectives is facilitated through. Tongans who make historical statements are more likely to be stating political rather.
Pacific islands fiji, samoa, tonga san mateo county health. Summary the united states maintained a consular presence in fiji before the island chain became a crown colony within the british empire in 1874. Tonga in a new political order analysing the 2014 general election results introduction the constitutional and political reforms undertaken prior to the 2010 general election paved the way for the people of the kingdom of tonga to elect more representative governments that are accountable to the electorate. Tongan culture and customs began with these earliest of polynesians, and many ancient traditions have continued respectfully through to. In october 2005 parliament voted to establish the national committee of the kingdom of tonga for political reforms, with the goal of examining and improving tongas form of government. A new constitution was agreed upon in 2009, which significantly increases the role of the elected government, with the monarchy retaining direct authority only for foreign affairs and defence. Numbering more than one million in the early 21st century, the tonga are concentrated along the zambezi escarpment and along the shores of lake kariba. Tongas constitution of 1875 with amendments through 1988. Tonga s constitution of 1875 with amendments through 1988. Thus, it is appropriate to translate the nations name as land lying in the south. It lies about a third of the way between new zealand and hawaii, south of samoa and east of fiji.
This site provides a pdf version of the above work taken. They are settled agriculturists who grow corn maize primarily for subsistence but also for limited commercial. If you want to spice up your study of american history, look at these 32 virtual trips and a list of easy ways to enhance them. Stories from the caribbean, mediterranean, indian ocean and pacific by ni. Ancient tongan mythologies recorded by early european explorers report the islands of ata and. Note that for some countries more than one definition applies. Tonga government ministry of education and training tonga. He took the name siaosi which in english means george in honour of king george iii and the present dynasty in tonga was established. Politics of tonga takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the king is the head of state and the commanderinchief of the armed forces. A first draft of much of it was written in 198182 and made available to those teaching religious studies at the university of zambia and to other concerned scholars. The islands are also known as the friendly islands, the name given by captain cook because of the friendly reception he received. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a british protectorate in 1900.
Tonga government ministry of education and training tonga national form seven certificate 2014 history time allowed. Until 2010, the constitution was essentially king george tupou is constitution granted in 1875, under which executive power resided with the monarch. The highest point in tonga, 3,389 feet 1,033 metres, is on kao island in the ha. A chicken is known as ankoko in bemba, nkuku in luyana, nkhuku in chichewa, and inkuku in tonga. Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows. Tonga s prime minister is currently appointed by the king from among the members of parliament after having won the support of a majority of its members.
Culture of tonga history, people, women, beliefs, food. Prime ministers office responds to accusations to the supply and purchase agreements for quarry contracts. The name tonga is composed of to to plant and nga a place. The total surface area is about 750 square kilometres 290 sq mi scattered over 700,000 square kilometres 270,000 sq mi of the southern pacific ocean. A guide to the united states history of recognition, diplomatic, and consular relations with fiji since 1776. The monarchy has a long history in tonga and the current head of state, since march 2012, is king george tupou vi. Tonga simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. It is officially known as the kingdom of tonga, and in the west the country is fondly referred to as the friendly. Additionally, the constitution is separated into three parts. Along with fiji and samoa, the area served as a gateway into the rest of the pacific region known as polynesia. In response the falefa was created as political advisors to the empire. Tonga is an independent state made of 170 islands scattered in the pacific ocean.
The discussion was led by bulawayo based group, basilwizi organisation that works with tonga people. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of tonga government 2020 information contained here. Some new views find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Prepare to be fascinated by the early observations of europeans, and the struggle of the. Under the 2010 constitution, tonga is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. Claessen and others published a survey of the history of tonga. Absolute monarchy a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i. The capital of tonga is nukualofa the official languages of tonga are tongan and english.
The monarchy is hereditary, and the monarch is head of state. Click download or read online button to effectsoffoodtaxationintonga book pdf for free now. The next section will discuss the peculiar history of tonga, in. Administrative and political reform in tonga ritsumeikan asia. The tonga are known to be the first bantu people to occupy zimbezi valley at around 1100 ad before spreading to the various countries they occupy today. Although it was adopted willingly, tonga has sometimes.
Lectures and excursions series, rancho santa ana botanic garden claremont, ca, spring 1999 photocopy of authors typescript in special collections, honnoldmudd library at the claremont colleges 5 robert f. Lotu aukai hono ua fakafonua a tonga national covid19 restrictions notice fanongonongo o e ngaahi fakangatangata fakafonua ki he covid19 media release. Tonga,1 its monarchy, its constitution, its tradition al values. It contains many words that are similar to those in other bantu languages such as bemba, chichewa, and luyana. The history of tonga is recorded since the century after 900 bc, when seafarers associated with the lapita diaspora first settled the islands which now make up the kingdom of tonga. According to the most recent archaeological findings, people arrived in the archipelago from fiji around 1500 b. The kingdom of tongas history stretches back over 3000 years, beginning with the migration of the lapita people from the mainland and islands of southeast asia. By implication, tongatapu waited only for political stability and the conversion. Anarchy a condition of lawlessness or political disorder. In library, institute for economic and social research, university of zambia. Tonga full country name kingdom of tonga local long puleanga tonga local short tonga former name friendly islands etymology history of name tonga means south in the tongan language and refers to the countrys geographic position in relation to central polynesia government type.
In the constitutional monarchy of tonga, the king serves as the head of the state. Tongas prime minister is currently appointed by the king from among the members of parliament after. The archipelagos of the friendly islands were united into a polynesian kingdom in 1845. Download effectsoffoodtaxationintonga ebook pdf or read online. Tonga religious experience, which involves a search for understanding and reassurance in a chaotic world. Tongas constitution is a written one and it introduced a constitutional monarchy in the british tradition. George tupou v is the king of tonga and the prime minister is pohiva tuionetoa. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
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